Dental Treatment 2018

Dr. Cinthia Santos, completed his studies at Faculdade Presidente Antonio Carlos- ITPAC, Tocantins-Brasil. He works at the Health Space Clinic with Integral Dentistry and Orofacial Harmonization, does on functional and aesthetic facial treatments with botulinum toxin and hyaluronic acid. This article was written in the year 2015, that year, Dr. Cinthia worked in a hospital, treating patients who needed general anesthesia and sedation to undergo dental treatments.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology and incurable; in most cases with medical care and an interdisciplinary team can live with the disease without major complications. Lupus can be associated with other conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, neuropsychiatric disorders, kidney infections, chronic renal failure, infections in the membranes that cover the heart and lung, skin lesions among others. The patient with an underlying pathology and comorbidities, is considered a particular patient therefore needs constant medical care. In dentistry, a patient with such a disease should be treated at the hospital for necessary support if there are complications or decompensation at the dental procedure. This study had as objective report the clinical case of SLE patient, hypertension, chronic renal failure, diabetes and depression, requiring holding three extractions. According to the assessment of medical and dental staff, the procedures were performed in the hospital setting, under conscious sedation. In the immediate postoperative period the patient presented a complication which was promptly answered still in the operating room. This work has allowed us to say that history, with emphasis on the underlying pathology and associated comorbidities, along with the planning done between the medical and dental staff, enabled a dental care insurance, protecting the life of the patient.

Dr. Nandita K.P. has completed BDS and MDS in Oral Pathology & Microbiology in Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore and is presently working as Associate Professor in Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, (Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India). She has published 16 papers in reputed journals and is also the faculty member for Certificate course for Forensic Odontology and won Research awards like TMA PAI Gold medal and Guident award.

The four essential factors in Forensic Anthropology, representing in determining personal identification are age, sex, stature and ethnicity. Among this ‘big fours’ of the biological profile, determination of stature is considered as one of the main parameter of personal identification in forensic examinations. Thus, this study will aim to correlate relation between hand and foot measurements with stature of individual by estimating the relationship on the basis of hand and foot prints in Indian populations. The study group comprised of 500 subjects (age group above 18 years) with normal growth and development. Various parameters like Hand length and Hand breadth, Foot length and breadth, Heel Ball Index were measured and compared with the height of the individual using the standard technique. Correlation of the various hand and foot parameters showed a regression coefficient range of 0.3-0.708. Among all variables measured, Foot length exhibited the highest correlation with stature (r value of .706 and 0.708, p-value< 0.001). Further forward stepwise linear regression analysis (height=80.295+3.390 * foot length) established foot length to be the single best predictor of height (r value of 0.708 and standard error of 4.23cms). Thus, the foot length provides highest reliability and accuracy in estimating stature of unknown males and females. Also this study will help to generate population-specific equations using a simple linear regression statistical method.

Dr. Prashanthi S. Madhyastha has completed his PhD at the age of 38 years from Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal. She/he is the member secretary of Institutional Ethics Committee, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore. She has published more than 14 papers in reputed journals.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the surface detail reproduction, gypsum compatibility and dimensional stability of two conventional and one extended pour alginates at different storage time (0, 1, 3, 5days respectively). Three alginate materials Coltoprint, Jeltrate and Hydrogum % were tested for surface detail reproduction, gypsum compatibility and dimensional stability in accordance with ANSI/ADA specification number 18 and 19. The gypsum compatibility was tested using type III dental stone. The parameters tested were analysed between the groups using one way ANOVA & tukeys posthoc. Repeated measures ANOVA was used for time periods. Alginate type and storage times significantly affected the dimensional stability of impressions and compatibility of casts (p<0.001). In all alginate, no statistically significanr difference were found with impressions poured aftyer 0 hrs (control) and one day of storage. (p>0.05). However, after 3 days and 5 day of storage, Hydrogum 5 was found to be significantly different (P<0.05). Moreover, comparing materials there was no significant difference upto 5 days (p>0.05). However, Hydrogum 5 may be poured after 5 days, but Coltoprint and Jeltrate should be poured immediately and the storage time should not be more than 24hrs. All the three test materials exhibited linear dimensional change within the ADA’s accepted limit of 1.0%. Immediate pouring of alginate provides the highest accuracy in reproducing the teeth and adjacent tissues, with less variability in linear dimensional change. However, this study demonstrates that pouring may be delayed for upto 5 days using extended pour (Hydrogum 5) alginates.

Dr Swati has completed her MDS at the age of 26 years from Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal. She has been the recipient of awards for research publication and paper presentations. She has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of repute.

Halitosis is a universal medico social problem and is termed as bad breath. It is known to have significant social and personal impact to those who suffer from it or believe they do so. General public is increasingly aware of the condition and concerned of the same. The aim of the present study was to assess the knowledge of Halitosis among undergraduate students in Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Mangalore. This was a questionnaire based study, conducted among 112 dental graduates studying in the 3rd and 4th year. The responses obtained were compiled and the statistical analysis of the data was done using frequency and percentages. Ninety nine percent of the respondents answered that periodontal disease was the major cause for halitosis, and eighty percent of them agreed that habits like smoking, tobacco chewing and alcohol consumption led to halitosis. Halimeter was considered to be the way to diagnose halitosis by sixty percent of them. From this study, it can be deduced that the respondents are capable of diagnosing and managing halitosis since they have knowledge of the same.

Mihoko Tomida graduated from School of Dentistry at Asahi University and Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, and acquired Ph.D. After having worked as an oral surgeon for four years, she became a teacher of physiology at University. And she started to investigate the relationship between pain and emotion by using rat and human. She found that the pain was involved with nerve cells of an amygdala and the cingulate cortex from animal experiment. It was clear that to listen to music reduces the pain perception from human experiment. However, the reason is unclear. Now, she looks into the relation between pain threshold and autonomic nerve activity.

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a chronic neuropathic pain disorder that makes daily life difficult. Recently, gamma knife surgery (GKS) has been employed for treating intractable pain control such as trigeminal neuralgia (TN) or cancer pain. Nine patients (4 males and 5 females) with TN of second branch were investigated in this study. All patients (mean age: 66.7±7.5) were irradiated a maximum dose of 90 Gy at retro Gasserian after the target area were coordinated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). They were asked symptom, medical history and what induces the pain attack. We also assessed visual analog scale (VAS) of pain, presence or absence of allodynia, cold sensation dullness and touch threshold on the lateral of nasal wing using Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments before and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after GKS. The relation of the pain value and touch threshold were estimated. There were two kinds of pain character, like an electric shock (5 patients) and like prickling (4 patients). The mean±SD of pain VAS value was 8.5±1.4 and touch threshold on disease side (6.0±2.8 gf/mm2) was significant higher than the healthy side (3.7±1.3 gf/mm2) at first visiting (paired t-test; P<0.05). All patients experienced a significant pain reduction without side affections within 6 month after GKS. Allodynia, facial paresthesia or cold sensation dullness occurred before GKS disappeared within 3 months after treatment. However, there was no correlation between pain value and touch threshold. These results suggest that GKS is safe and effective method to let a pain and dysesthesia due to TN disappear. There are individual differences in these effects after treatment.

Dr. Ceena Denny completed her masters in Oral Medicine and Radiology from Bapuji Dental College and Hospital Davangere in the year 2006 and is currently working in Manipal College of Dental Sciences, affiliated to Manipal Academy of Higher Education and is currently an Associate Professor in the department. She is having more than 40 publications in various national and international journals and has presented research papers in national and international conferences. She have authored chapter in text book of Oral Medicine and Radiology published by Elsevier’s Science. She frequently conduct lecture in CBCT as a part of certificate programme.

Oral and systemic manifestations are common in HIV/AIDS and are considered to be important predictors of the disease. CD4 count serves as an important marker for the progression of HIV to AIDS. Our objective was to correlate the oral and systemic manifestations associated with HIV infection with CD4 count in patient’s on HAART. This was an observational study among one hundred and ten HIV diagnosed patients. The oral and systemic manifestations were noted and compared to their CD4 counts. Chi-square analysis was carried out to see the association of oral manifestations. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Among the 110, fifty had CD4 count > 500 cells/µL, 46 patients had between CD4 count between 200-499 cells/µL and fourteen had < 200 cells/µL. Among patients with CD4 > 500, the oral manifestations observed are as follows, dental caries (n=30, 60%) periodontitis and lipoatrophy (n=25, 50%) and in CD4 count between 200-499, dental caries (n=28, 60.9%) intraoral pigmentation (n=23, 50%), periodontitis(n=20, 43.5%) and with subjects with CD4 count. The most common systemic manifestation observed were tuberculosis (p<0.001) and pneumonia (p<0.003). Prevalence of oral and systemic manifestations among HIV infected patients have declined since the advent of HAART. Oral and general physicians should be able to identify and treat the patients at the earliest, which in turn could reduce the morbidity and mortality rates among those infected with HIV.